Development of Information Warfare Essay -- Defense Military War

Development of Information Warfare Introduction In his final foreign policy speech, President Bill Clinton listed among the United States’ top five military and security concerns the development of information warfare (Lacey). Given the importance of information technologies to the American economy and the U.S. military’s dependence on this system, any attacks on the information infrastructure could have severe consequences for the economy and for national security. For the U.S.’s best interests, taking the initiative in defining the limits of information warfare would be beneficial. The current U.S. trend toward concerning itself publicly more with computer network defense than computer network attack has prevented an adequate public dialog on the legalities involved with information warfare. The United States must address this issue before development of information warfare technologies goes much further. Resolving this issue at an international level can protect the United States from future informatio n warfare attacks and present opportunities to retaliate against attackers. Definition of Terms Before exploring the implications of information warfare, a working definition of the term must be established. Due either to imprecision regarding information warfare’s specific operations or just that this form of warfare is very young, many definitions are available. The Air Force’s official definition of information warfare, articulated in the â€Å"Cornerstones of Information Warfare† report, is â€Å"any action to deny, exploit, corrupt or destroy the enemy's information and its functions; protecting ourselves against those actions; and exploiting our own military information functions† (Fogleman and Widnall). This def... ...iversity. McCoubrey, Hilaire, and Nigel D. White. International Law and Armed Conflict. Dartmouth: Brookfield, VT, 1992. Molander, Roger C., and Sanyin Siang. â€Å"The Legitimization of Strategic Information Warfare: Ethical Considerations.† Professional Ethics Report, Vol. XI, No.4, Fall 1998. < http://www.aaas.org/spp/dspp/sfrl/per/per15.htm > Roberts, Adam, and Richard Guelff, eds. Documents on the Laws of War. Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1982. Schwartau, Winn. Information Warfare. Thunder’s Mouth Press: New York, 1994. United States Space Command. â€Å"U.S. Space Command Takes Charge of Computer Network Attack.† 29 September 2000. < http://www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace/rel15-00.htm > Waltz, Edward. Information Warfare Principles and Operations. Artech House: Boston, 1998.

Opposite of Loneliness Essay

In the article â€Å"Opposite of loneliness† by Marina Keegan, it explains about the life of a young adult who started her adulthood in Yale University. A place she had found happiness and most certainly the opposite of loneliness. Moreover, she finds herself completely attached to it as she had said in the first paragraph â€Å"What I’m grateful and thankful to have found at Yale and what I’m scared of losing when we wake up tomorrow and leave this place†. This phrase shows us that Yale brought out the best in her, something she fears losing and that she is actually very reluctant to have to leave. She is afraid that all her memories and experiences she has gone through would be gone once she steps out of Yale. This article shows the basic development of a young adult’s social life beginning with a simple circle of friends or a clique and the attachment that became stronger as one grow fonder of the people around her which is exactly what she faces in her experience in Yale where it was mentioned in paragraph three, â€Å"Yale is full of tiny circle we pull around ourselves†. She found that even though not everyone knows everyone, there is still unity and a sense of togetherness among the students in Yale. She also added that the experienced they shared among themselves were priceless and unforgettable and that she felt safe and loved whenever in the company of her peers during her time in Yale. This article allows us to see that the writer begins to discover herself and learns to comprehend about life as she faces challenges along the way while being in Yale. The fear of knowing the truth or fear of not knowing at all is something every individual learns to adapt to however the word â€Å"fear† should never conquer a person as it would only demotivate ourselves instead f seeing the positive side of life just as she had mentioned in paragraph 4 â€Å"But let us get one thing straight: the best years of our lives are not behind us. They’re apart of us† The writer starts comparing the her past and the possible future where she wished that she could wind back time and correct her past mistakes and regrets if given the chance to. It makes us realize that in life there will be scenes playing in our minds like a 1980’s classical film in which the â€Å"What if† takes place. There are times that every individual wished they could go back in time and do something good for themselves or be a the chairperson of a certain society, things they never knew they had it in them or things they went through and it never crossed their mind that they actually did it which is exactly what she felt in herself, â€Å"I’ve looked back on my high school and thought: how did I do that? How did I work so hard? † Everybody would have their standards of living and expectations of succeeding however the article also makes us realize that no matter how perfectly we plan, we may not have the ending that we wished for. We can never be certain of what the future holds for us, however as life goes on, we understand that a human being tends to regret her decisions and change their minds ample of times which explains what she had mentioned in paragraph nine â€Å"If only I had majored in biology, if only I’d gotten involved in journalism as a freshman† The writer also shared uncertainties for what the future would hold for her. She starts comparing herself to others who have accomplished more than she has. Life is all about choices and it is these choices that she is most afraid of. The writer also stated that during her time in Yale, she never had to make any life changing choices and knows she has to start doing it once she graduated and is afraid to make the wrong choices. However, she added that however our lives turned out to be, the future is uncertain and that it can be altered at any point of our life. This can be seen when she said â€Å"What we have to remember is that we can still do anything. We can change our minds. We can start over†. At a young age especially an undergraduate student would always feel that there’s always something missing in their lives to what they’ve accomplished. However also at a young age the opportunity that lies ahead in the future is even bigger. For each expect the young adult faces in Yale University, she comes across one conclusion of her college life, loneliness was never involved however happiness, laughter and memories are definitely words to describe it. Stages by stages this article makes us understand that we as human beings should cherish each and every moment that we have and make the best out of it. Sustain it as a memory that becomes apart of you until the very end. Yes life is not a bed of roses however there’s no harm in trying to make it an enjoyable experience and ride.

How New York Became a Melting Pot - 1565 Words

New York was once called the â€Å"melting pot.† Why? Many from different places with different races and religions traveled to New York to try and camouflage in with others. In order to do so, it required drastic changes. It could have meant changing their name, hiding their accent, adapting to new food or new music. As you may see, for one to be a New Yorker, they were to melt their traits into the New York culture for them to be equivalent to others. Now days, New York attracts people worldwide like a magnet. Unlike the past, people remained with their culture. That is why New York has become so diverse. As a result of that, in 2000 the census for New York State was 18,976,457 people, making New York the third largest state. Not only has the population grown, but also as of 2000, New York has a total of 62 countries! Let us travel back in time to about 3500 B.C.E. to learn the origins of New York’s people, which include the discussion of eight different groups of imm igrants. Around that time, Native Americans, mound builders, lived in the area, but their culture spanned from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean, which is 5,404 miles in distance. So imagine having such a wide capacity of land, they would be able to hunt and gather plants. If they lived by the water, they too would be able to fish. Near the end of their stay, the Native Americans grew corn and other crops. Long after they left, the first European travelers arrived. By then, two tribes, the Iroquois andShow MoreRelatedStruggles of Immigrants Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the publication of his book, â€Å"Litany of Friends† in 1981, Randall suffered from deep suicide depression, during which he created some of his most original poetry (Randall). Dudley Randall died on August 5, 2000 (Randall). Dudley’s poem â€Å"The Melting Pot† (1968) tells about the immigrants problem of identity. The poem speaks about the discrimination experienced by those immigrants. 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I am only twenty three years old but being from the Big Apple, New York and being raised by single parent, nothing in my life has ever been a walk in the park. I am considered a minority because I am Puerto Rican and African American and it has always been tough for me living in such an urban area. Not having the best financial status is what made thingRead MoreRace and Ethnicity in America Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesit in grade school if not before then. When he landed in America by accident, he had no idea that he would be creating the worlds largest Melting Pot. This melting pot provided means for a new country, made from a mixture of many cultures and beliefs, thus creating a new country with a new and ever-changing culture. One complication with a Melting Pot is that you cannot put people of different race and ethnicity together without conflict. 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The melting pot theory is directly correlated to the term assimilation, which can be described as, â€Å"the process in which formerly distinct and separate groups come together to share a common culture and merge together s ocially.† Put a different way, assimilation is a practice in which an individual gives up his/her own culture to conform to the dominant culture, being the American culture. During the 19th and 20th centuries, peopleRead MoreJazz : The Emergence Of Jazz1301 Words   |  6 Pagescareers of many great musicians, and its ties are in the melting pot of New Orleans. Jazz has a variety of styles to listen to and also has many diverse musicians to experience these diverse sounds from. Jazz is a great form of music. Its different styles and musicians give it diversity, while strengthening ties to the African American community. It grew out several different forms of music in the melting pot of the United States known as New Orleans, in the 1800s, where African American, EuropeanRead MoreA Closer Examination of Distinct American Groups from 1877 to19301032 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion immigrants poured into the country; they transformed the face of Americas laboring population† (Barrett 997). The majority of these new immigrants came from Italy, The Austro-Hungarian Empire, Russia, Germany, Britain, Canada, Ireland, and Sweden (â€Å"Ellis Island†). These people for the most part settled in large cities along the East Coast and became the fuel for the labor machine during the Industrial Age. One of the things that these groups of immigrants had in common was that they tended